Tuesday, 14 May 2024

Evil

Jesus asked them, “Do you think that because these Galileans suffered in this way they were worse sinners than all other Galileans?” (Luke 13:2).

             Several years ago, a parishioner told me about her sister who was dying of cancer. “All her life”, she told me, “my sister was a good person. She went to Mass on Sunday, helped around her parish and was a loving wife and mother. Now, she is lying in a hospital bed, dealing with a lot of pain and waiting to die. Yet, I know individuals who are not religious, lead less respectable lives and are perfectly healthy. Somehow, it just doesn’t seem right”. Like this parishioner, a lot of people’s faith is challenged by the existence of evil in the world.

            In this passage from Luke, Jesus warns his disciples not to make superficial connections between sin and suffering in the world. By doing so, he teaches them an important lesson about the complexity of evil.

            Within the Hebrew Scriptures/Old Testament, evil was a complicated idea. As indicated in Genesis, evil originated with a deliberate and known action against God. Its spread throughout Creation made it a universal experience for humans and led to the destruction of nearly all life on earth. Stories like Saul’s disobedience to God’s command to destroy the Amalekites and David’s adultery with Bathsheba and murder of Uriah the Hittite stressed the direct connection between evil and its consequences. However, others stories such as that of the Maccabean Martyrs and the suffering endured by Job, a righteous man, disputed this linkage. Jesus used this second approach on the connection between evil and its consequences in his conversation with the crowd and his disciples. Those killed by the collapse of the tower (natural evil) or executed by Herod (human evil) were likely no more or less guilty of evil than the people around them. Although a just God punished evil and rewarded good actions, the process by which this happened was a mystery. A person’s judgment about evil used limited human knowledge. God’s judgment utilized unlimited Divine Wisdom. In addition, it was possible some apparently evil consequence was part of a plan for the achievement of some greater good by God. This meant human judgments about the links between evil deeds and their consequences were sometimes wrong.

            As the ability of humans to understand and explain how the universe works has grown, so has their confidence in their capacity to solve mysteries. The reality of evil and its consequences are now explained as the result of unjust social conditions, unhealthy psychological development or proof of the meaninglessness of life. For Catholics and other people of faith, it poses awkward questions. How can a just God allow evil? How can a loving God permit suffering? The lack of a simple answer to such questions challenges their faith and weakens its credibility in our Secular Society. However, the Secular responses to the reality of evil also have their flaws. No credible blueprint for a perfectly just society has ever been produced. An evil act requires the perpetrator to know it is wrong and intend to do it which an unhealthy psychological development inhibits. If there is no meaning to life, why are people searching for it? Experience teaches everyone that life is complicated and simple answers are often wrong. Jesus taught his disciples they must learn to be comfortable with the reality that evil is a mystery beyond human understanding. Yet, they do not stand helpless before it. They can reduce the suffering caused by it. With their knowledge of right and wrong they can often stop it before it happens. From their past experiences with evil, they can place it into perspective to see if some good can result from it. These responses require people of faith to recognize their need for God’s help whenever they are faced with evil and be open to it.

            As the woman whose sister was dying of cancer learned, evil is often a powerful force we can neither understand nor control. I wanted to give a simple answer to her question “Why?” but that would have been dishonest. However, in a way she made some sense of it. The woman went to visit her sister almost daily so she would know she was not alone. She made sure all the family was there when her sister died. She proved the mystery of evil cannot overpower the ability to do good.

March 20, 2022

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